K Bakhru's Articles Display Category|Title|Newest|Oldest Things To Know About Hypofunction Of The Thyroid Gland (Hypothyroidism) In hypothyroidism, as the name indicates, there is a decline in the functioning of the thyroid gland. The gland is either damaged as a result of an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland, or in the case of an overactive thyroid gland, when more than the required amount of antithyroid drug has been administered. Similarly, hypothyroidism may occur following radio-iodine treatment or surgery, in cases of an overactive thyroid gland. Subclinical hypothyroidism. The most cha... What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of Hypothyroidism? In the event that an early diagnosis has been missed in a case of hypothyroidism, it is never too late. The disease must be diagnosed as soon as possible when it is in the most treatable condition. Signs and Symptoms: Many of the symptoms of hypothyroidism are opposite to hyperthyroidism, so that it becomes easy .to keep the symptomatology in view, to create mass awareness. Virtually, everyone is required to keep in mind such symptoms for the information of their physic... What Are The Various Fatal Symptoms And Signs Of Scorpion Poisoning? Following the poisonous sting, within minutes, the patient collapses suddenly, with grave symptoms and signs of poisoning. If he does not collapse at once, beware, he is likely to collapse any time during the next half an hour, depending on the extent of the poison absorbed. The severity of the various symptoms and signs, described below, may vary with the species of the scorpion. Since scorpion venom is known to cause an injurious effect on the various vital systems of th... Warning Signals Of Tetanus Warning signals of tetanus should be kept in mind, because the disease could occur even when the injury is minor and totally forgotten. In that case, probably, the injury was so minimal that the patient may not have cared to take a booster dose of the vaccination, or may have remained entirely unimmunized. In such cases, the disease appears like a bolt from the blue. However, if the patient is aware of the early symptoms and signs of the disease, he is likely to immediately r... Vaso - Vagal Syncope, Cardiac Syncope And Epilepsy Vaso - Vagal Syncope The exact mechanism of syncope is still under study. In this condition, there appears to be a transitory fall in blood pressure due to the failure of peripheral resistance. This momentary fall in blood pressure causes a decreased flow of blood to the brain, leading to syncope, during which time there is a transient/brief form of unconsciousness, and the patient may fall to the ground, if he remains standing, i.e., does not sit, or lie immediately. Befo... Epilepsy And Social Factors It is the most difficult survey that we have encountered so far. Even in various medical camps that we hold from time to time, history of epilepsy or convulsions are not forthcoming. On hearing the word 'epilepsy', especially in most rural or backward areas, where people are not so educated, the audience tend to remain tight-lipped, as if they are concealing something. Even in our day-to-day practice, patients do not like to label themselves as epileptic, and many a time, ... Various Types Of Epilepsy It is very essential for everybody to be aware of a detailed account of the attack of major (or grand mal or generalized), focal or Jacksonian and petit mal epilepsies. At times, tests like electroencephalogram (EEG) and / or computed tomographic (CT) scanning may be normal in a case of epilepsy, and, therefore, it is only the evidence of the eyewitness, who is in a position to report the details to the attending physician, when the patient is brol1ght to the hospital. As an ... Disturbance In The Brain And Epilepsy In many patients, in spite of exhaustive efforts/investigations, no cause of epilepsy may be located. Such cases are called idiopathic cases of epilepsy. However, an intensive drive is a must to detect any lesion in the brain which could account for an epileptic attack, the reason being, that if the cause of epilepsy is detected, it is usually treatable, and, therefore, the patient will be cured forever, and thus may not need a long course of. antiepileptic drugs. If, s... What Is Epilepsy? Epilepsy is one of the common diseases that we see in everyday life. It is not uncommon to see a person getting an epileptic fit/ convulsions in a public place or to see parents/teachers rushing to the physician to report such cases in children. In epilepsy, there is a sudden transitory disturbance in brain, leading to sudden generalized convulsions of the whole body, involving all the four limbs, including the face, all at once (i.e. disturbance in motor function of the b... What Is Stroke? Stroke/apoplexy commonly occurs as a result of disorders of cerebral/brain circulation, called cerebral vascular accident (CVA). It results in unconsciousness, paralysis either of a part or one half of the body (hemiplegia), or loss of speech or vision or balance of the body. As described earlier, it can be very senous. In this condition, there could be either thrombosis (clotting) or haemorrhage in one 6f the blood vessels of the brain, leading to the above-stated manifes... Childhood Epilepsy The disease is quite prevalent in children, and as many as 30% of all epileptics fall into this category. It needs urgent awareness that, usually, there is an excellent prognosis of epilepsy in children. Hence there should be no unnecessary panic when a child gets an attack although detailed investigations will be required in each and every case. One such case of an Indian female child, aged 7, was discussed by the author with Lord Walton. The child suddenly started gettin... Things To Know About Female Breasts Breasts in a woman may be small. There is a misconception that unusually small breasts may not be normal, and it is seen that females, especially young unmarried girls, take hormonal treatment (oestrogens) unnecessarily which has severe adverse side-effects. If a woman has normal menstruation and the secondary sex characters are normally developed, such small breasts should be taken within normal limits, and no treatment is required. However, the woman may also be checked ... Things To Know About Coronary Artery Disease - CAD CAD is indeed a silent human killer. Although the disease process starts in coronary arteries early in childhood, it continues progressing very gradually through years/decades, and becomes significant enough only later in life, say at the age of 40, or earlier. The reason is that no symptom of the disease occurs till more than 50-60% of the surface area of the coronary arteries is involved. Out of sudden deaths, as a result of CAD, 50% patients may not have any symptom earlie... What Is Heart Attack? In case angina pectoris is ignored, and the disease is allowed to progress, the blockage in coronary arteries/or in its branches may go on increasing. The end-result of such a severe blockage in coronary arteries/branches would be that the blood supply of a part of heart muscle (supplied by the respective branch of coronary artery) may suddenly stop completely leading to severe damage / injury / necrosis / death of the affected portion of the heart muscle. However, the patien... Detection Of Occult / Asymptomatic Cases Of Cad (Coronary Artery Disease) The CAD – (Coronary Artery Disease) starts in early childhood and remains asymptomatic till the third or fourth decade of life. It means, prior to this, irrespective of exertion, no symptom of the disease occurs, and unless the symptom occurs, the patient, does not seek medical advice. However, tests like resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and/or exercise ECG do help in detecting early asymptomatic cases of CAD. Besides detection of early hidden cases of CAD, detection of var... What Investigations Are Necessary In Case Of A Cad – (Coronary Artery Disease) The first and foremost is that an ECG of the patient concerned must be recorded. Characteristic ECG changes may occur as a result of damage to the heart muscle. However, ECG may not show any change for the first few hours, or even for a day in a case of heart attack. In case the ECG is normal, and the patient is clinically a suspected case of heart attack, a Troponin T (TnT) strip test of blood must be carried out as it is a bedside test and the results are available at th... Rehabilitation After Heart Attack This aspect is of vital importance. Gone are the days when the patient was given prolonged rest, say at least six weeks, for a heart attack. Whenever a heart attack Occurs, the patient or his relations should not feel frightened. Even now, home treatment has been advocated in uncomplicated cases of heart attack. Treatment is simple, easy, as long as no complication/ s occur. In such cases, about two weeks of rest is essentially required. Even o~ the second day of the attack, ... Allergy Effects On The Liver And Colon The Liver: The liver is the largest gland in the body. Amongst other things, it is a detoxifying agent and a blood reservoir. It breaks down waste matter in the blood and manufactures blood proteins; converting sugar and carbohydrates into glycogen, which it then stores for the manufacture of glucose when needed. It collects vitamins and minerals from food and stores them for future use. The liver also manufactures bile, which is stored in the gall bladder, and released, w... Allergy Effects On The Pancreas And Small Intestine Pancreas: The pancreas is a long, narrow gland which stretches from the spleen to about the middle of the duodenum. It has three main functions. Firstly, to provide digestive juices for everything that goes through the duodenum. These digestive juices contain pancreatic enzymes in an alkaline solution to provide the right conditions for the digestive process to be completed in the small intestine. Secondly, the pancreas produces insulin, the hormone which controls blood su... Treatment Guide For Coeliac Disease Whilst 'coeliac', in its strictest medical sense may refer to gluten intolerance only, in more general terms it means, simply, 'of or in the abdominal cavity'. The primary, and most important, treatment is the elimination of grains containing gluten from the diet. In addition, it may be necessary to severely restrict intake of non-glutinous grains and refined carbohydrate. If these rules are not adhered to, a severe relapse, especially in later life, will generally follow.... Symptoms Of Coeliac Disease Available evidence suggests that symptoms fall equally into two broad categories. In some cases, they can arise directly from the effects of gluten on the small intestine, such as diarrhoea or abdominal fullness, discomfort, pain and vomiting. The remainder, however, do not experience these specific symptoms to any marked degree. Instead, they complain of a more general malaise involving chronic fatigue, irritability, depression and perhaps, breathlessness. Inevitably, all co... Things To Know About Coeliac Disease Coeliac disease in children: A coeliac disorder can manifest itself at any age. In children it usually becomes evident three to five months after commencing eating gluten-containing foods. In the worst cases, the infant will refuse his feeds, stop putting on weight, become irritable, or listless and develop a large abdomen. Stools become abnormal, either large, pale and offensive or developing into diarrhoea. In other cases, no symptoms are shown until later in childhoo... History Of Coeliac Disease The ancient physician, who recognized and recorded the disease, was known as Aretaeus of Cappadocia and was a contemporary of the great Roman physician of that time, Galen. In 1856, Francis Adams translated Aretaeus' writings for the Sydenham Society of Great Britain. The ancient Greek text used the world KOILIAKOS, from which the word coeliac is derived. It means, literally, 'suffering in the bowels'. Aretaeus appears to have understood a great deal about the illness. In his... Important Tips To Know About Candidiasis Contraceptive hormones and candidiasis: This is a real problem for women with candidiasis who are on the pill. It is estimated that acute vaginal candidiasis (thrush) is caused by the contraceptive pill in up to 35 per cent of women, with many other women being affected to lesser degrees. Chronic yeast vaginitis is worse during pregnancy and at certain times of the month when progesterone hormone levels are high. Therefore it is thought that the progesterone component of o... Treatment For Chronic Candidiasis For sufferers of candidiasis avoidance of carbohydrates is of prime importance. Yeasts ferment fats and proteins poorly, but thrive on carbohydrates, particularly sugars. A rigid abstinence from refined carbohydrates should be observed to prevent Candida increase in the body. The types of foods to avoid are sugars, breads, cakes and pastries etc., mushrooms, aged cheeses, dried fruits and alcoholic beverages. If possible these foods should be discarded completely on a regular... Hypoglycaemia And Allergy Hypoglycaemia is commonly found in people suffering from masked food allergies. It occurs when the body does not have enough blood sugar. If a person has eaten excessive carbohydrate, over many years, especially refined carbohydrate such as white flour and sugar, the pancreas becomes stressed to the point where it ceases to operate normally - a very common problem today. These eating habits alter the normal, gentle production of insulin by the pancreas to that of rapid ins... Allergy Effects On The Kidneys, Respiratory System And Stomach The kidneys: The two kidneys are responsible for many vital functions. Briefly, they perform the complex task of extracting from the blood, used up proteins, minerals and other elements making up the toxic waste of the metabolic process. This residual material, together with waste water, is then passed in the form of urine, through to the bladder before being finally expelled from the body. Allergy-caused overloading may cause the liver to deteriorate and lose its capac... Symptoms Of Candidiasis An exhaustive investigation into the patient's history may uncover a pattern and range of symptoms which will lead to an accurate diagnosis of candidiasis. This procedure can be carried out by any competent medical doctor, yet in Australia it is almost impossible to find a doctor who will do this. There are signs that doctors are slowly becoming more interested in the symptoms of candidiasis. Hopefully, the result will be greater awareness of candidiasis in Australia, and of ... Symptoms And Treatment For Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Symptoms: The most dominant symptoms are persistent exhaustion, muscle weakness and impaired mental function. In some cases the disease can progress to a point where bed rest for a prolonged period is required. Because this is a polysymptomatic illness, the sufferer is rarely free of symptoms. It seems that all parts of the body are affected at various times with a constantly changing symptomatology. Often three or four symptoms are raging at the same time. Some sufferers ... What Is Myalgic Encephalomyelitis? Myalgic encephalomyelitis, commonly known as M.E., is an ongoing condition, resulting from a severe viral or other illness. Another name for this condition is post viral syndrome. It is not in itself infectious but occurs when the victim is left with a damaged immune system, causing a range of debilitating symptoms. They include, extreme tiredness, aching, muscle weakness and impairment of some mental processes. Symptoms, such as these, are not uncommon after viral infecti... Your Immune System And Allergy The ability of the immune system to fight disease is dependent upon the level of general health and physical fitness. However, even a. healthy body will have its immunocompetence severely reduced by excessive stress or fatigue. The reason for this is that, amongst other things, stress increases the viscosity of the blood. The blood is an all-important factor in the promotion of effective immune responses. A high blood viscosity brought about by stress, or lack of physical ... The Immune Response And The Allergic Reaction The Immune Response: The first phase of the immune response occurs when antigens enter the body, usually through the mouth, nose or skin. When this happens, inflammation occurs in the body and the immune system is stimulated to produce more white cells. The task of these extra white cells is to eliminate the offending antigen. If this is successful, the inflammation will subside. The same process will apply when the body is stressed emotionally or physically. Further st... The Masked Allergy And Symptoms These differ from the conventional allergy as they are frequently exhibited in a masked form. For this reason, clinical ecology has been slow in gaining medical acceptance. However, these days the doctor specializing as a clinical ecologist is gaining recognition in Europe and the United States. Speaking on the situation in Australia, Professor Ian Lewis of the University of Tasmania says that the current medical training is not geared towards producing doctors that can solve... Your Environment And Your Health - Ecological Illness Do you know that your living environment can make you sick? Yes! It is true. How is it? Let’s talk about that. Intolerant reactions to normal substances are not allergies in the true medical sense, yet they have the same symptoms and cause the same distressing health problems. It is not yet fully understood why people become sensitive to various foods and chemicals. One theory is that the body may lack the particular enzyme necessary to digest a certain food. This may b... Compulsive Drinking And Allergies Many people need a drink to get through the day because they are addicted to the ingredients from which their favorite alcoholic beverage is made. Consequently it seems that alcoholism and food addiction are closely related, if not identical. Researchers at the Deaconess Hospital in St Louis, Missouri, have recently conducted an intensive enquiry into alcoholism and its possible causes. They found evidence to substantiate the belief that alcoholism is, in fact, a food alle... Compulsive Eating And Allergies Compulsive eating is caused by one or several masked food allergies, which are invariably addictive, without the individual realizing it. Not all compulsive eaters are obese, but some reflect this condition. Others are likely to suffer from some form of overweight due to fluid retention. This is caused by the allergic response in the capillary blood vessels, when fluid passes through the capillary walls into surrounding tissues. Another cause is the build up of toxin impregna... Causes And Symptoms Of Allergies In general terms, an allergy is a disorder which is brought about when the body adversely reacts to substances normally considered harmless. A true allergy is one which evokes certain medically recognizable responses in the body's immune system. Whereas non-harmful substances are metabolized effectively and broken down into approximately forty essential nutrients, allergenic substances are not. They clog the bloodstream and lymph system and are absorbed by the tissues, whe...

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